4. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (IQ: 205)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German lawyer, mathematician and philosopher. He was one the great intellectual figure of 17th and 18th century; and considered one of the most important geniuses of his time. Leibniz made significant contribution to history, jurisprudence, geology, physics, mathematics, philosophy, logic, epistemology and metaphysics.
He established calculus theory independently from Newton and his mathematical notations are still used today. He also established the binary system, the basic foundation of modern digital and computer technology. Leibniz Prize was created in his name, with 770,000 Euro for theoretical achievements and 1.55 million Euro for experimental ones.